Union Station after restoration. Photo Credits © Robert Benson Photography. |
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As summer fades into fall, historic buildings face a new set of challenges. The changing season is more than just crisp air and colorful leaves; it’s also a great time to address underlying causes for recurring issues and maintenance. Without careful attention, small issues can quickly become costly problems once winter sets in. Preventative and regular maintenance is one of the most effective ways to ensure that historic spaces retain their integrity, beauty, and longevity.
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Before a seasonal change, it's ideal to prepare buildings for colder months. The freeze-thaw cycle, moisture intrusion, and fluctuating temperatures can cause significant damage to delicate materials such as plaster, decorative finishes, wood, and stone. If your historic building already has visible damage such as plaster cracking or wood decay, it's key to investigate the potential causes early-on and before tackling restoration or conservation treatments. By addressing vulnerabilities, caretakers can protect their buildings from avoidable deterioration.
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Over time, historic plasterwork naturally deteriorates, which can compromise its decorative elements and eventually threaten the integrity of the overall structure. Investigating and addressing the underlying cause of the damage is critical to preventing more significant issues and ensuring the long-term preservation of a historic building. The primary causes of plaster failure include fluctuations in humidity, separation from the lath, building settlement, uneven load distribution, foundation issues, and the use of improper materials or techniques.
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Examples of plaster delamination and cracking due to building movement and foundational issues at the University of Virginia in Garrett Hall |
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Left untreated, these conditions worsen over time and often spreads to the surrounding areas, particularly under the stress of seasonal expansion and contraction. By addressing the underlying causes, whether that be improper humidity control or the building has naturally shifted over time, repair and restoration treatments can then be completed, and more extensive and costly damage can be avoided through fixing the source of the problem.
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It's common for paint and decorative finishes to experience flaking, cracking, delamination, etc. after a long period of time, making it crucial to keep track of the materials' conditions and provide regular maintenance to prevent ongoing extensive damage. This can be easily done with preventative conservation, combined with a carefully controlled environment, ensuring the longevity of its beauty and historical significance. |
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To prevent extensive structural and surface damage, key measures include maintaining stable humidity and temperature levels, protecting from water infiltration and direct sunlight, keeping the environment clean, covering surfaces during nearby construction, and conducting regular inspections. When these steps are neglected, consequences such as paint cracking, delamination, flaking, abrasion, and biological growth can unfortunately occur.
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Even in the absence of prior damage, simple environmental fluctuations like the temperature rising or lowering can cause cracking, flaking, etc. For this reason, it is especially important to identify any damage and address the root cause before the structure or materials are compromised. With proper maintenance, tackling underlying causes for damage, cleaning, protective coatings, and environmental controls, these intricate details can be protected against stresses and last for many generations.
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Alike other organic materials, wood is at risk of being damaged by external factors, and prior damage is especially exacerbated with sudden temperature and humidity fluctuations. In addition to temperature fluctuations, common issues with wood derive from moisture infiltration, UV exposure, structural shifts, insect infestation, etc. It’s important to take action quickly and contact professionals when any damage like rotting, splitting, or cracking is identified, so the root cause of the issue is investigated and doesn't begin spreading to larger portions of the structure.
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(Left) One of the mahogany wood pieces at the Mark Twain House & Museum with chipping and damaged finishing (Right) Part of the Cosmos Club parquet floor with exposed joints and weakening from wear and over sanding |
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Additionally, taking time to investigate within the wood structure rather than simply fixing the surface-level issue will lead to eliminating the damage rather than covering it up. Once the investigation is complete and the main issue(s) are identified, proper treatments can then follow and lead to an overall healthier structure that's able to last much longer. |
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Although stone is a hard and sturdy material, whether it be limestone, sandstone, or marble, it is also highly vulnerable to outside influences, such as environmental fluctuations and pollutants. Preventative conservation and establishing stable conditions are critical for minimizing deterioration and preserving both the appearance and structural integrity of historic stonework. Key preventative steps include maintaining consistent humidity and temperature, protecting masonry from water infiltration, monitoring for salt migration, shielding from direct sunlight, and ensuring proper drainage around the structure. Neglecting these measures can lead to serious issues such as surface flaking, chipping, biological growth, etc.
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The seasonal transition from warm to freezing temperatures is especially damaging, as trapped moisture within the pores of stone expands during freeze-thaw cycles. This repeated stress can cause cracking, delamination, and even large-scale material loss. In addition, salts carried by water infiltration can crystallize beneath the surface, leading to material degradation. |
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Examples of masonry cracking and overall material loss at the Union Station |
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Regular maintenance, gentle cleaning methods, breathable protective coatings, and careful environmental monitoring all help safeguard stone surfaces from external stresses. By taking these preventative steps and addressing the underlying issues, stone structures can withstand outside pressures while maintaining their historic significance and beauty.
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Preventative conservation is not just about avoiding emergency repairs; it’s about stewardship and ongoing maintenance. At John Canning & Co., we approach every project with the same philosophy; respect for original materials, a deep understanding of traditional craftsmanship, and a commitment to preserving history. By taking proactive steps now, caretakers and communities can ensure that their historic spaces remain strong and vibrant, no matter the season.
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Latest Articles & Announcements |
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| Neoclassical Decoration and Symbolism |
Neoclassical architecture, also referred to as Classical Revival, is a revival period that references the architectural proportions and traditions of classicism. This style of construction was popularized from the mid-18th century to the early 20th century and was commissioned for numerous significant public buildings during this era. All revival periods are an interpretation of the past based on observation, appreciation, and study of historic buildings or, in some cases, ancient ruins. Neoclassicism draws from the wealth of history, commencing with Greek and Roman construction. In this blog, discover the elegance and meaning behind Neoclassical decoration.
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| 11 Questions to Ask a Stone Restoration Contractor |
Approaching a stone restoration project need not be a daunting task. Thanks to the internet, one may begin the process with personal research into the prominent and local firms in order to assess their past work and read through customer reviews. From there, getting to know experts in the industry and asking questions will help to gain familiarity with the restoration process required. In this blog, discover the 11 most important questions to ask before hiring a stone restoration contractor. Ensure quality, protection, and results that last.
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The Catholic Art Institute’s 6th Annual Conference, Reviving Faith & Hope Through Sacred Art, is quickly approaching, starting on September 19th until the 20th, at the Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C. Canning is honored to be a sponsor of the conference, and President of John Canning & Co., David Riccio, is one of the six featured speakers. The Catholic Art Institute is a non-profit organization focused on empowering the artists and architects who adorn and design churches. This is a great opportunity for those interested in networking, promoting their business, and listening to award-winning artists and scholars in the Sacred Art community. There will be educational presentations, Q&As moderated by art critics, an award ceremony, and many networking opportunities. We hope to see you there!
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Join Preservation Connecticut on October 11th from 10-12pm EDT, for a tour of Waterbury City Hall, featuring Canning’s Principal, John Canning, and DeCarlo & Doll’s architect Bob Grzywacz. This event, “Talking About Preservation: On Location at Waterbury City Hall,” discusses the Waterbury City Hall restoration, where we did extensive repairs to the ornamental and flat plasterwork in the north building, including courtrooms and the former mayor’s offices. As well as the reinstatement of the decorative finishes and historic color scheme throughout the interior, and conserving the original artwork. Don’t miss out on this one-of-a-kind tour!
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Come join Canning at Yale University on October 17th from 3:30-5:00 pm EDT, for an exclusive tour of the renowned Sterling Memorial Library hosted by the Association for Preservation Technology Northeast (APTNE). The tour will be lead by Yale University's Senior Architect/Planner, James Fullton, and also include one of Canning’s Principals, David Riccio, Ryan Stockman from Grand Light, and Architects from Apicella + Bunton Architects. All of which have played integral roles in Yale's preservation work in the building over the last decade. Following the tour, participants have the opportunity to join a Networking Happy Hour at the Apicella + Bunton’s office. This is a free event with limited spots, so don’t miss out on the opportunity to explore one of Yale’s architectural treasures. Click the link to register.
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We’re excited to announce the Linus Plimpton House restoration received a 2025 Elizabeth Mills Brown Award of Merit presented by Preservation Connecticut and the American Institute of Architects (AIA). The Linus Plimpton House is a Romanesque inspired home located in Hartford, CT. Canning worked with Crosskey Architects to recover the home’s original beauty, allowing historic preservation to merge with modern needs and functionality. Canning is honored to have worked on the decorative paint and plaster work for the entrance foyer, dining room, and billiard room. We performed decorative painting services such as stenciling and glazing, along with touching up the ceiling artwork, the dado rail, recreating finishes, and executing plaster repairs.
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Canning is sponsoring and exhibiting at the Traditional Building Conference Series in Tarrytown, NY, on October 7-8th. Meet industry experts, and immerse yourself in relevant education for architects, contractors, craftspeople, designers, building owners, and facilities managers. During the conference you can attend educational presentations, award ceremonies, architectural tours, all while earning AIA Continuing Education Units. Canning also offers AIA CE, so feel free to reach out to set up a virtual or in-person session if your organization is interested. Learn more about this amazing opportunity by clicking the link.
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Another exciting event you can attend during the fall season is the Atlanta Design Festival from September 27th to October 5th in Atlanta, GA. One of Canning’s Principals, David Riccio, will be presenting a HPCS Continuing Education (CE) session during the conference on September 30th from 11–12 pm EDT. The Creative Practice Continuing Education Units (CEUs) portion of the festival is free to attend and is the perfect opportunity to earn AIA-accredited CEUs while networking with industry experts. It features a series of dynamic presentations and touches on topics like sustainable materials, advanced technologies, and smart design solutions. Additional activities include business workshops, architectural tours, seminars, and so much more! To learn more about the conference, click here.
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Interested in Seeing More of Our Work? Follow Us on TikTok!
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Watch our craftsperson perform part of the simulated stone restoration process at the Mellon Auditorium. The simulated stone wall, originally cast with crushed oyster shells, is being expertly filled and resurfaced with more oyster shells. |
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We understand the importance of sharing our expertise and knowledge in our field. Besides the monthly newsletter and blogs we post, we also develop and share downloadable resources to help guide you in your conservation, preservation, and restoration projects. Check out the Resources page and see if any of the resources can help answer some of your questions and provide a better understanding of some of the intricacies in the preservation field.
Check out our Featured Downloadable Resource below. |
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Take a look at our Architectural Preservation Glossary and learn about the timeless importance of architectural preservation. This glossary provides a resource for anyone interested in learning more about the terminology of the preservation world. |
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If you think others would be interested in our content, please forward it!
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The Association for Preservation Technology (APT) is the premier cross-disciplinary organization dedicated to promoting the best technology for conserving historic structure and their settings.
Annual Conference November 11-15, 2025
Providence, RI |
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As a national nonprofit preservation organization, the National Trust for Historic Preservation works to save America's historic places and is a great resource for anyone looking to learn more or get involved. |
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The American Institute for Conservation and the Foundation for Advancement in Conservation work together to promote the preservation and protection of cultural heritage. Partner with us to further that mission.
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JOIN THE CONVERSATION #PerfectingPreservation #jcanningcrew |
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